DeepSpec

DeepSpec

DeepSpec is a full-stack codebase for training and evaluating draft models for speculative decoding. It contains data preparation utilities, draft model implementations, training code, and evaluation scripts.

Environment

Install the Python dependencies:

python -m pip install -r requirements.txt

Data preparation additionally requires an inference engine to serve the target model when regenerating answers; see scripts/data/README.md for details.

Workflow

Run the stages in order — each stage's output feeds the next:

1. Data Preparation — download prompts, regenerate target answers, and build the target cache.
2. Training — train a draft model against the cached target outputs.
3. Evaluation — measure speculative-decoding acceptance on benchmark tasks.

Data Preparation

See scripts/data/README.md for the step-by-step data pipeline:

1. download and split training data,
2. regenerate answers,
3. prepare the target cache (storage warning: this can be very large — roughly 38 TB for the default Qwen/Qwen3-4B setting).

Training

bash scripts/train/train.sh

train.sh launches train.py, which spawns one worker per visible GPU. Select the algorithm and target model by pointing config_path at one of the configs under config/ (e.g. config/dspark/dspark_qwen3_4b.py); see the script header for the full list of configs, how to override config_path / target_cache_dir, and how to use --opts to override individual config fields. Checkpoints are written to ~/checkpoints/<project_name>/<exp_name>/step_*.

Hardware: the default configs and scripts assume a single node with 8 GPUs. For fewer GPUs, reduce CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES.

Evaluation

bash scripts/eval/eval.sh

eval.sh runs eval.py against a trained draft checkpoint over the speculative-decoding benchmarks in eval_datasets/ (gsm8k, math500, aime25, humaneval, mbpp, livecodebench, mt-bench, alpaca, arena-hard-v2). Set:

• target_name_or_path — the target model the draft was trained against (e.g. Qwen/Qwen3-4B),
• draft_name_or_path — the draft checkpoint, e.g. ~/checkpoints/deepspec/dspark_block7_qwen3_4b/step_latest, or one of the Hugging Face repo IDs listed in Released Checkpoints.

Released Checkpoints

The checkpoints below are the ones used for Table 1 in the paper. Each checkpoint was trained on open-perfectblend data generated by its corresponding target model in non-thinking mode, and is the direct output of the corresponding training configuration under config/.

Algorithm Qwen/Qwen3-4B Qwen/Qwen3-8B Qwen/Qwen3-14B google/gemma-4-12B-it Eagle3 deepseek-ai/eagle3_qwen3_4b_ttt7 deepseek-ai/eagle3_qwen3_8b_ttt7 deepseek-ai/eagle3_qwen3_14b_ttt7 deepseek-ai/eagle3_gemma4_12b_ttt7 DFlash deepseek-ai/dflash_qwen3_4b_block7 deepseek-ai/dflash_qwen3_8b_block7 deepseek-ai/dflash_qwen3_14b_block7 deepseek-ai/dflash_gemma4_12b_block7 DSpark deepseek-ai/dspark_qwen3_4b_block7 deepseek-ai/dspark_qwen3_8b_block7 deepseek-ai/dspark_qwen3_14b_block7 deepseek-ai/dspark_gemma4_12b_block7

[!IMPORTANT] If you cite these results in a new paper, align your setup with the training settings in this repository; otherwise, the comparison is not meaningful. For domain-specific use, fine-tune the draft model again for better results, especially if the target model is expected to run in thinking mode.

Supported Algorithms

Currently, DeepSpec includes three draft models: DSpark, DFlash and Eagle3.

License

DeepSpec is released under the MIT License. It includes code adapted from third-party projects under their own licenses; see NOTICE for the full attribution.

Acknowledgements

DeepSpec builds on the ideas and code of several excellent open-source projects:

• SpecForge (Apache-2.0) — the overall training framework and Eagle3 implementation; portions of the Eagle3 modeling, loss, optimizer, attention, and evaluation code are adapted from it. Adapted files carry an in-file attribution comment, and the full notice is recorded in NOTICE.
• DFlash (MIT) — the DFlash draft-model design and training recipe.
• Qwen3 and Gemma — the target model families supported in this repo.

We thank the authors and maintainers of these projects. Contributions of new algorithms are welcome.

Citation

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