`st.filter_bar` widget to filter dataframes

Checklist

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Summary

Provide a widget that a makes it easy to add filtering functionality to apps.

filtered_df = st.filter_bar(df)

Screenshot form https://ui.bazza.dev/docs/data-table-filter

Why?

Adding filter functionality requires using the existing widgets and adding them with glue code one-by-one. This can be quite an effort and take a lot of available screen space.

How?

filtered_df = st.filter_bar(df)

The filter bar will read out the dataframe schema and allow the user to filter all relevant columns based on data type specific UI filters.

Some considerations:

• If an unevaluated dataframe is passed on, only apply the filter to the unevaluated object without loading the data to memory.
• There could be parameters to allow specifying the allowed columns for filtering or even column_config like configuration abilities for the filters itself.
• The filter bar can be placed anywhere, the same way as any other widget.
• We could reuse the same frontend component as standalone widget and integrate it to enable direct filtering for st.dataframe and charts: https://github.com/streamlit/streamlit/issues/1879

Additional Context

• Related extra: https://arnaudmiribel.github.io/streamlit-extras/extras/dataframe_explorer/