logrus

Logrus

Logrus is a structured logger for Go (golang), completely API compatible with the standard library logger.

Logrus is in maintenance mode. The project focuses on security, bug fixes, and performance improvements. New features are not planned, aside from changes required to provide interoperability with other logging ecosystems (e.g., Go's log/slog).

I believe Logrus' biggest contribution is to have played a part in today's widespread use of structured logging in Golang. There doesn't seem to be a reason to do a major, breaking iteration into Logrus V2, since the fantastic Go community has built those independently. Many fantastic alternatives have sprung up. Logrus would look like those, had it been re-designed with what we know about structured logging in Go today. Check out, for example, Zerolog, Zap, and Apex.

Nicely color-coded in development (when a TTY is attached, otherwise just plain text):

With logrus.SetFormatter(&logrus.JSONFormatter{}), for easy parsing by logstash or Splunk:

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With the default logrus.SetFormatter(&logrus.TextFormatter{}) when a TTY is not attached, the output is compatible with the logfmt format:

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To ensure this behaviour even if a TTY is attached, set your formatter as follows:

logrus.SetFormatter(&logrus.TextFormatter{
    DisableColors: true,
    FullTimestamp: true,
})

Logging Method Name

If you wish to add the calling method as a field, instruct the logger via:

logrus.SetReportCaller(true)

This adds the caller as 'method' like so:

{"animal":"penguin","level":"fatal","method":"github.com/sirupsen/arcticcreatures.migrate","msg":"a penguin swims by","time":"2014-03-10 19:57:38.562543129 -0400 EDT"}

time="2015-03-26T01:27:38-04:00" level=fatal method=github.com/sirupsen/arcticcreatures.migrate msg="a penguin swims by" animal=penguin

Note that this does add measurable overhead - the cost will depend on the version of Go, but is between 20 and 40% in recent tests with 1.6 and 1.7. You can validate this in your environment via benchmarks:

go test -bench=ReportCaller

Case-sensitivity

The organization's name was changed to lower-case. If you are getting import conflicts due to case sensitivity, please use the lower-case import: github.com/sirupsen/logrus.

Example

The simplest way to use Logrus is simply the package-level exported logger:

package main

import "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"

func main() {
  logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
    "animal": "walrus",
  }).Info("A walrus appears")
}

Note that it's completely api-compatible with the stdlib logger, so you can replace your log imports everywhere with log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus" and you'll now have the flexibility of Logrus. You can customize it all you want:

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For more advanced usage such as logging to multiple locations from the same application, you can also create an instance of the logrus Logger:

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Fields

Logrus encourages careful, structured logging through logging fields instead of long, unparseable error messages. For example, instead of: logrus.Fatalf("Failed to send event %s to topic %s with key %d"), you should log the much more discoverable:

logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
  "event": event,
  "topic": topic,
  "key": key,
}).Fatal("Failed to send event")

We've found this API forces you to think about logging in a way that produces much more useful logging messages. We've been in countless situations where just a single added field to a log statement that was already there would've saved us hours. The WithFields call is optional.

In general, with Logrus using any of the printf-family functions should be seen as a hint you should add a field, however, you can still use the printf-family functions with Logrus.

Default Fields

Often it's helpful to have fields always attached to log statements in an application or parts of one. For example, you may want to always log the request_id and user_ip in the context of a request. Instead of writing logger.WithFields(logrus.Fields{"request_id": request_id, "user_ip": user_ip}) on every line, you can create a logrus.Entry to pass around instead:

requestLogger := logger.WithFields(logrus.Fields{"request_id": request_id, "user_ip": user_ip})
requestLogger.Info("something happened on that request") // will log request_id and user_ip
requestLogger.Warn("something not great happened")

Hooks

You can add hooks for logging levels. For example to send errors to an exception tracking service on Error, Fatal and Panic, info to StatsD or log to multiple places simultaneously, e.g. syslog.

Logrus comes with built-in hooks. Add those, or your custom hook, in init:

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Note: Syslog hooks also support connecting to local syslog (Ex. "/dev/log" or "/var/run/syslog" or "/var/run/log"). For the detail, please check the syslog hook README.

A list of currently known service hooks can be found in this wiki page

Level logging

Logrus has seven logging levels: Trace, Debug, Info, Warning, Error, Fatal and Panic.

logrus.Trace("Something very low level.")
logrus.Debug("Useful debugging information.")
logrus.Info("Something noteworthy happened!")
logrus.Warn("You should probably take a look at this.")
logrus.Error("Something failed but I'm not quitting.")
// Calls os.Exit(1) after logging
logrus.Fatal("Bye.")
// Calls panic() after logging
logrus.Panic("I'm bailing.")

You can set the logging level on a Logger, then it will only log entries with that severity or anything above it:

// Will log anything that is info or above (warn, error, fatal, panic). Default.
logrus.SetLevel(logrus.InfoLevel)

It may be useful to set logrus.Level = logrus.DebugLevel in a debug or verbose environment if your application has that.

Note: If you want different log levels for global (logrus.SetLevel(...)) and syslog logging, please check the syslog hook README.

Entries

Besides the fields added with WithField or WithFields some fields are automatically added to all logging events:

1. time. The timestamp when the entry was created.
2. msg. The logging message passed to {Info,Warn,Error,Fatal,Panic} after the AddFields call. E.g. Failed to send event.
3. level. The logging level. E.g. info.

Environments

Logrus has no notion of environment.

If you wish for hooks and formatters to only be used in specific environments, you should handle that yourself. For example, if your application has a global variable Environment, which is a string representation of the environment you could do:

import (
  "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
)

func init() {
  // do something here to set environment depending on an environment variable
  // or command-line flag
  if Environment == "production" {
    logrus.SetFormatter(&logrus.JSONFormatter{})
  } else {
    // The TextFormatter is default, you don't actually have to do this.
    logrus.SetFormatter(&logrus.TextFormatter{})
  }
}

This configuration is how logrus was intended to be used, but JSON in production is mostly only useful if you do log aggregation with tools like Splunk or Logstash.

Formatters

The built-in logging formatters are:

• logrus.TextFormatter logs the event in colors if the logger output is a TTY, otherwise without colors.
  • To force colored output when there is no TTY, set the ForceColors field to true. To force no colored output even if there is a TTY set the DisableColors field to true.
  • On modern Windows terminals with ANSI (Virtual Terminal) support, TextFormatter automatically enables colored output.
  • If your environment does not support ANSI escape sequences, wrap the logger output using github.com/mattn/go-colorable and set ForceColors (or CLICOLOR_FORCE=1) to enable colors through the wrapper.
  • When colors are enabled, levels are truncated to 4 characters by default. To disable truncation set the DisableLevelTruncation field to true.
  • When outputting to a TTY, it's often helpful to visually scan down a column where all the levels are the same width. Setting the PadLevelText field to true enables this behavior, by adding padding to the level text.
• logrus.JSONFormatter logs fields as JSON.

Third-party logging formatters:

• FluentdFormatter. Formats entries that can be parsed by Kubernetes and Google Container Engine.
• GELF. Formats entries so they comply to Graylog's GELF 1.1 specification.
• logstash. Logs fields as Logstash Events.
• prefixed. Displays log entry source along with alternative layout.
• zalgo. Invoking the Power of Zalgo.
• nested-logrus-formatter. Converts logrus fields to a nested structure.
• powerful-logrus-formatter. get fileName, log's line number and the latest function's name when print log; Save log to files.
• caption-json-formatter. logrus's message json formatter with human-readable caption added.
• easy-logrus-formatter. Provide a user-friendly formatter for logrus.
• redactrus. Redacts sensitive information like password, apikeys, email, etc. from logs.

You can define your formatter by implementing the Formatter interface, requiring a Format method. Format takes an *Entry. entry.Data is a Fields type (map[string]any) with all your fields as well as the default ones (see Entries section above):

type MyJSONFormatter struct{}

logrus.SetFormatter(new(MyJSONFormatter))

func (f *MyJSONFormatter) Format(entry *Entry) ([]byte, error) {
  // Note this doesn't include Time, Level and Message which are available on
  // the Entry. Consult `godoc` on information about those fields or read the
  // source of the official loggers.
  serialized, err := json.Marshal(entry.Data)
    if err != nil {
      return nil, fmt.Errorf("Failed to marshal fields to JSON, %w", err)
    }
  return append(serialized, '\n'), nil
}

Logger as an io.Writer

Logrus can be transformed into an io.Writer. That writer is the end of an io.Pipe and it is your responsibility to close it.

w := logger.Writer()
defer w.Close()

srv := http.Server{
    // create a stdlib log.Logger that writes to
    // logrus.Logger.
    ErrorLog: log.New(w, "", 0),
}

Each line written to that writer will be printed the usual way, using formatters and hooks. The level for those entries is info.

This means that we can override the standard library logger easily:

logger := logrus.New()
logger.Formatter = &logrus.JSONFormatter{}

// Use logrus for standard log output
// Note that `log` here references std