[py] Adopt selected ruff rule families surfaced by ruff 0.16

Background

Ruff 0.16 expanded its default rule set from 59 rules to 413. Because py/pyproject.toml only set extend-select, the project silently inherited that new default and bazel run //py:ruff-check reported 192 errors on an unchanged tree.

PR #17937 resolved the immediate breakage by changing extend-select to select, so the enforced set is now stated explicitly rather than inherited. That was deliberately a no-op on enforcement: the resolved rule set is identical to what ruff 0.15.21 enforced (206 rules), plus 3 new RUF rules the project already opts into and passes.

This issue tracks adopting the parts of the new default that are actually worth having, deliberately and in tranches, rather than all at once via a dependency bump.

What the 192 findings look like

Recommendation

Tranche 1 — adopt now (~37 findings, mostly auto-fixable)

W, PLE, FLY, PERF, C4, EXE, PIE, FURB, PLR

Low noise, high signal, and largely --fix-able. PLE and PIE each catch a genuine bug (see the companion bugs issue). PLR's four hits are all assert 1 == 0, "should have thrown an exception", which should become pytest.raises regardless.

Tranche 2 — adopt with scoping (~44 findings)

B, PYI

B is the highest-value family here (B006, B008, B015, B017 all flag real problems), but it needs one carve-out: 17 of the 19 B018 "useless expression" hits are alert.text inside a with pytest.raises(...) block — the idiomatic way to assert that a property access raises. Adopting B without ignoring B018 under py/test/** would mean sprinkling _ = alert.text, which is strictly worse. Suggest:

[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
"py/test/**" = ["B018"]

Tranche 3 — discuss (~44 findings)

SIM, TRY, G

Defensible either way. SIM115 (context manager for file opens) is the one with real substance; the rest is style. Worth a maintainer opinion before spending the churn.

Decline for now (~45 findings)

BLE (30), S (15), DTZ (4)

• BLE001 and S110 are the same story: broad except / try-except-pass in browser teardown and test cleanup, where swallowing is usually deliberate. Adopting means 45 individual judgment calls plus permanent # noqa churn, for little signal.
• All four DTZ005 hits are datetime.now() used to measure elapsed time in w3c_interaction_tests.py. Naive datetimes are correct for deltas; the rule is aimed at a problem this code doesn't have.

Note on mechanics

Adopting a family means adding it to select in py/pyproject.toml. Keeping select (rather than reverting to extend-select) is what prevents the next ruff release from re-introducing this whole situation.

Cross-binding impact

None. This is Python lint configuration only.