react hmr (fast refresh) breaks when deleting all content of a mdx file

Initial checklist

• I read the support docs
• I read the contributing guide
• I agree to follow the code of conduct
• I searched issues and couldn’t find anything (or linked relevant results below)

Affected packages and versions

3.0.1

Link to runnable example

https://stackblitz.com/edit/vitejs-vite-sorj9w?file=src%2Ftest.mdx,vite.config.ts&terminal=dev

Steps to reproduce

1. Go to https://stackblitz.com/edit/vitejs-vite-sorj9w?file=src%2Ftest.mdx,vite.config.ts&terminal=dev (run npm run dev if it is not auto run)
2. Delete all content of test.mdx
3. The app is broken after hmr:

Expected behavior

The app should not be broken.

Actual behavior

The app is broken.

Runtime

Node v20

Package manager

npm v10

OS

macOS

Build and bundle tools

Vite