关于多智能体之间的通信方式，GA自己的分析与回答

1. 向后兼容 — 现有 input.txt / output.txt 继续可用
2. 渐进升级 — 先文件级 Topic 路由 → 再进程内 Broker → 最后可选 MQTT Broker
3. 零额外依赖 — 升级到 MQTT 前无需安装任何 Broker
4. 与 GA 哲学一致 — "用最简单的系统实现最灵活的协作"

{
  "header": {
    "msg_id": "msg_20260512_001",
    "type": "task",                    // task | result | query | notify | intervene | heartbeat
    "version": "1.0",
    "sender": "agent_main",
    "sender_type": "orchestrator",
    "target": "agent_sub_search",
    "target_type": "worker",
    "topic": "research.paper.search",   // MQTT 风格的 Topic
    "priority": 3,                      // 0=紧急 ... 5=低优
    "qos": 1,                           // 0=最多一次, 1=至少一次, 2=恰好一次
    "timestamp": "2026-05-12T10:30:00Z",
    "ttl": 300,                         // 消息过期时间（秒）
    "correlation_id": "task_0817",      // 关联ID，用于请求-响应匹配
    "reply_to": "agent_main/result"     // 回复地址
  },
  "payload": {
    "action": "search_papers",
    "query": "transformer architecture 2025",
    "max_results": 10
  }
}

temp/message_bus/
├── topics/
│   ├── research/
│   │   ├── paper.search/
│   │   │   ├── msg_001.envelope
│   │   │   └── msg_002.envelope
│   │   └── paper.analyze/
│   ├── system/
│   │   ├── heartbeat/
│   │   ├── registry/
│   │   └── broadcast/
│   └── agent/
│       └── agent_sub_01/
└── agents/
    ├── agent_main.json
    └── agent_sub_01.json

# file_broker.py — 零依赖的 GA 消息总线
class FileBroker:
    """和 MQTT 的对应关系：
      Publisher  → 往 topics/X/ 写 .envelope 文件
      Subscriber → 从自己的 inbox/ 读消息
      Broker     → 搬运 .envelope topics/X/ → agent_Y/inbox/
      Topic      → topics/ 下的目录路径
      QoS        → .envelope 文件存在(=至少一次传递)
    """
    def publish(self, topic: str, envelope: dict):
        topic_path = self.topics_dir / topic.replace(".", "/")
        topic_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        msg_file = topic_path / f"msg_{envelope['header']['msg_id']}.envelope"
        msg_file.write_text(json.dumps(envelope, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2))

    def subscribe(self, agent_id: str, topic: str):
        sub_file = self.agents_dir / agent_id / "subscriptions" / topic.replace(".", "_")
        sub_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        sub_file.write_text(topic)

    def route(self):
        """Broker 路由：将 topic 下的消息复制到订阅者的 inbox"""
        for sub_file in self.agents_dir.glob("*/subscriptions/*"):
            agent_id = sub_file.parent.parent.name
            topic = sub_file.read_text().strip()
            for msg_file in (self.topics_dir / topic.replace(".", "/")).glob("*.envelope"):
                inbox = self.agents_dir / agent_id / "inbox"
                inbox.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
                dest = inbox / msg_file.name
                if not dest.exists():
                    dest.write_text(msg_file.read_text())
                msg_file.unlink()  # 分发后删除

    def consume(self, agent_id: str) -> list:
        """Agent 消费消息（读后即删 = ACK）"""
        messages = []
        for msg_file in sorted((self.agents_dir / agent_id / "inbox").glob("*.envelope")):
            messages.append(json.loads(msg_file.read_text()))
            msg_file.unlink()
        return messages

class MessageBus(ABC):
    def publish(self, topic: str, envelope: dict): ...
    def subscribe(self, agent_id: str, topic: str): ...
    def consume(self, agent_id: str) -> list: ...

class FileBus(MessageBus): ...   # 文件级，零依赖
class MQTTBus(MessageBus): ...  # MQTT 级，pip install paho-mqtt
class RedisBus(MessageBus): ... # Redis Pub/Sub

阶段0（当前）：文件 IO 协议
  temp/子智能体/input.txt + output.txt
  └── 无结构、无Topic、无广播

阶段1：消息信封 + 文件Topic路由（零依赖，立即可行）
  temp/message_bus/topics/research/paper.search/
  └── msg_001.envelope ← JSON 信封带Header

阶段2：FileBroker 进程（~200行 Python，零依赖）
  └── 自动路由 + 订阅管理 + 消息ACK

阶段3：接入真实MQTT（paho-mqtt 或 pyzmq）
  └── 跨机器、跨网络、大规模 Agent 集群

阶段4：Agent 自动发现 + 注册中心
  └── Agent 启动时向 Bus 注册，其他 Agent 发现可用协作