ocra

ocra

home :: https://github.com/larsch/ocra/

issues :: http://github.com/larsch/ocra/issues

forum :: http://groups.google.com/group/ruby-ocra

Description

OCRA (One-Click Ruby Application) builds Windows executables from Ruby source code. The executable is a self-extracting, self-running executable that contains the Ruby interpreter, your source code and any additionally needed ruby libraries or DLL.

Features

• LZMA Compression (optional, default on)
• Both windowed/console mode supported
• Includes gems based on usage, or from a Bundler Gemfile

Problems & Bug Reporiting

• Windows support only

If you experience problems with OCRA or have found a bug, please use the issue tracker on GitHub (http://github.com/larsch/ocra/issues). You can also join the Google Group discussion forum to ask questions and get help (http://groups.google.com/group/ruby-ocra).

Installation

Gem:

gem install ocra

Alternatively you can download the gem at either http://rubygems.org/gems/ocra or https://github.com/larsch/ocra/releases/.

Stand-alone Version: Get ocrasa.rb from https://github.com/larsch/ocra/releases/. Requires nothing but a working Ruby installation on Windows.

Synopsis

Building an executable:

ocra script.rb

Will package script.rb, the Ruby interpreter and all dependencies (gems and DLLs) into an executable named script.exe.

Command line:

ocra [options] script.rb [ ...] [--  ...]

Options:

ocra --help

Ocra options:

--help             Display this information.
--quiet            Suppress output while building executable.
--verbose          Show extra output while building executable.
--version          Display version number and exit.

Packaging options:

--dll dllname      Include additional DLLs from the Ruby bindir.
--add-all-core     Add all core ruby libraries to the executable.
--gemfile    Add all gems and dependencies listed in a Bundler Gemfile.
--no-enc           Exclude encoding support files

Gem content detection modes:

--gem-minimal[=gem1,..]  Include only loaded scripts
--gem-guess=[gem1,...]   Include loaded scripts & best guess (DEFAULT)
--gem-all[=gem1,..]      Include all scripts & files
--gem-full[=gem1,..]     Include EVERYTHING
--gem-spec[=gem1,..]     Include files in gemspec (Does not work with Rubygems 1.7+)

--[no-]gem-scripts[=..]  Other script files than those loaded
--[no-]gem-files[=..]    Other files (e.g. data files)
--[no-]gem-extras[=..]   Extra files (README, etc.)

Gem modes:

• minimal: loaded scripts
• guess: loaded scripts and other files
• all: loaded scripts, other scripts, other files (except extras)
• full: Everything found in the gem directory

File groups:

• scripts: .rb/.rbw files
• extras: C/C++ sources, object files, test, spec, README
• files: all other files

Auto-detection options:

--no-dep-run       Don't run script.rb to check for dependencies.
--no-autoload      Don't load/include script.rb's autoloads.
--no-autodll       Disable detection of runtime DLL dependencies.

Output options:

--output     Name the exe to generate. Defaults to ./.exe.
--no-lzma          Disable LZMA compression of the executable.
--innosetup  Use given Inno Setup script (.iss) to create an installer.

Executable options:

--windows          Force Windows application (rubyw.exe)  
--console          Force console application (ruby.exe)  
--chdir-first      When exe starts, change working directory to app dir.  
--icon        Replace icon with a custom one.  
--debug            Executable will be verbose.  
--debug-extract    Executable will unpack to local dir and not delete after.  

Compilation:

• OCRA will load your script (using Kernel#load) and build the executable when it exits.

• Your program should 'require' all necessary files when invoked without arguments, so OCRA can detect all dependencies.

• DLLs are detected automatically but only those located in your Ruby installation are included.

• .rb files will become console applications. .rbw files will become windowed application (without a console window popping up). Alternatively, use the --console or --windows options.

Running your application:

• The 'current working directory' is not changed by OCRA when running your application. You must change to the installation or temporary directory yourself. See also below.
• When the application is running, the OCRA_EXECUTABLE environment variable points to the .exe (with full path).
• The temporary location of the script can be obtained by inspected the $0 variable.
• OCRA does not set up the include path. Use $:.unshift File.dirname($0) at the start of your script if you need to 'require' additional source files from the same directory as your main script.

Pitfalls:

• Avoid modifying load paths at run time. Specify load paths using -I or RUBYLIB if you must, but don't expect OCRA to preserve them for runtime. OCRA may pack sources into other directories than you expect.
• If you use .rbw files or the --windows option, then check that your application works with rubyw.exe before trying with OCRA.
• Avoid absolute paths in your code and when invoking OCRA.

REQUIREMENTS:

• Windows
• Working Ruby installation.
• MinGW Installation (when working with the source code only)

Stand-alone version

Get ocrasa.rb from http://rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=8185. Requires nothing but a working Ruby installation on Windows.

Technical details

OCRA first runs the target script in order to detect any files that are loaded and used at runtime (Using Kernel#require and Kernel#load).

OCRA embeds everything needed to run a Ruby script into a single executable file. The file contains the .exe stub which is compiled from C-code, and a custom opcode format containing instructions to create directories, save files, set environment variables and run programs. The OCRA script generates this executable and the instructions to be run when it is launched.

When executed, the OCRA stub extracts the Ruby interpreter and your scripts into a temporary directory. The directory will contains the same directory layout as your Ruby installlation. The source files for your application will be put in the 'src' subdirectory.

Libraries

Any code that is loaded through Kernel#require when your script is executed will be included in the OCRA executable. Conditionally loaded code will not be loaded and included in the executable unless the code is actually run when OCRA invokes your script. Otherwise, OCRA won't know about it and will not include the source files.

RubyGems are handled specially. Whenever a file from a Gem is detected, OCRA will attempt to include all the required files from that specific Gem, expect some unlikely needed files such as readme's and other documentation. This behaviour can be controlled by using the --gem-* options. Behaviour can be changed for all gems or specific gems using --gem-*=gemname.

Libraries found in non-standard path (for example, if you invoke OCRA with "ruby -I some/path") will be placed into the site dir (lib/ruby/site_ruby). Avoid changing $LOAD_PATH or $: from your script to include paths outside your source tree, since OCRA may place the files elsewhere when extracted into the temporary directory.

In case your script (or any of its dependencies) sets up autoloaded module using Kernel#autoload, OCRA will automatically try to load them to ensure that they are all included in the executable. Modules that doesn't exist will be ignored (a warning will be logged).

Dynamic link libraries (.dll files, for example WxWidgets, or other source files) will be detected and included by OCRA.

Including libraries non-automatically

If an application or framework is complicated enough that it tends to confuse Ocra's automatic dependency resolution, then you can use other means to specify what needs to be packaged with your app.

To disable automatic dependency resolution, use the --no-dep-run option; with it, Ocra will skip executing your program during the build process. This on the other hand requires using --gem-full option (see more below); otherwise Ocra will not include all the necessary files for the gems.

You will also probably need to use the --add-all-core option to include the Ruby core libraries.

If your app uses gems, then you can specify them in a Bundler (http://gembundler.com) Gemfile, then use the --gemfile option to supply it to Ocra. Ocra will automatically include all gems specified, and all their dependencies.

(Note: This assumes that the gems are installed in your system, not locally packaged inside the app directory by "bundle package")

These options are particularly useful for packaging Rails applications. For example, to package a Rails 3 app in the directory "someapp" and create an exe named "someapp.exe", without actually running the app during the build, you could use the following command:

ocra someapp/script/rails someapp --output someapp.exe --add-all-core \
--gemfile someapp/Gemfile --no-dep-run --gem-full --chdir-first -- server

Note the space between -- and server! It's important; server is an argument to be passed to rails when the script is ran.

Rails 2 apps can be packaged similarly, though you will have to integrate them with Bundler (http://gembundler.com/rails23.html) first.

Gem handling

By default, Ocra includes all scripts that are loaded by your script when it is run before packaging. Ocra detects which gems are using and includes any additional non-script files from those gems, except trivial files such as C/C++ source code, object files, READMEs, unit tests, specs, etc.

This behaviour can be changed by using the --gem-* options. There are four possible modes:

• minimal: Include only loaded scripts
• guess: Include loaded scripts and important files (DEFAULT)
• all: Include all scripts and important files
• full: Include all files

If you find that files are missing from the resulting executable, try first with --gem-all=gemname for the gem that is missing, and if that does not work, try --gem-full=gemname. The paranoid can use --gem-full to include all files for all required gems.

Creating an installer for your application

To make your application start up quicker, or to allow it to keep files in its application directory between runs, or if you just want to make your program seem more like a "regular" Windows application, you can have Ocra generate an installer for your app with the free Inno Setup software.

You will first have to download and install Inno Setup 5 or later, and also add its directory to your PATH (so that Ocra can find the ISCC compiler program). Once you've done that, you can use the --innosetup option to Ocra to supply an Inno Setup script. Do not add any [Files] or [Dirs] sections to the script; Ocra will figure those out itself.

To continue the Rails example above, let's package the Rails 3 app into an installer. Save the following as someapp.iss:

[Setup] AppName=SomeApp AppVersion=0.1 DefaultDirName={pf}\SomeApp DefaultGroupName=SomeApp OutputBaseFilename=SomeAppInstaller

[Icons] Name: "{group}\SomeApp"; Filename: "{app}\someapp.exe" Name: "{group}\Uninstall SomeApp"; Filename: "{uninstallexe}"

Then, run Ocra with this command:

ocra someapp/script/rails someapp --output someapp.exe --add-all-core \
--gemfile someapp/Gemfile --no-dep-run --gem-full --chdir-first --no-lzma \
--innosetup someapp.iss -- server

If all goes well, a file named "SomeAppInstaller.exe" will be placed into the Output directory.

Environment variables

OCRA executables clear the RUBYLIB environment variable before your script is launched. This is done to ensure that your script does not use load paths from the end user's Rub