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#5518·kopia

Backup system drive in Windows PE causes cache rename failure, snapshots not listed

Author: zctmdcCreated Jul 25, 2026Updated Sep 16, 2026

标题 / Title
Windows PE 环境下备份系统盘导致缓存重命名失败，快照无法列出 / Backup system drive in Windows PE causes cache rename failure, snapshots not listed

正文 / Body

在 Windows PE 环境中，使用 Kopia 备份数据盘（D:）时一切正常，快照可以正常列出，不会出现 rename 错误。

When backing up the data drive (D:) with Kopia in Windows PE environment, everything works normally. Snapshots are listed correctly and no rename error occurs.

但当备份系统盘（C:）时，缓存目录出现 rename 拒绝访问错误。备份虽然报告成功（Created partial snapshot），但快照无法通过 snapshot list 列出。

However, when backing up the system drive (C:), a rename access denied error occurs in the cache directory. Although the backup reports success (Created partial snapshot), the snapshot cannot be listed via snapshot list.

一旦 C 盘备份触发了该错误，后续所有备份（无论 C 盘还是 D 盘）的快照均无法列出。

Once the C-drive backup triggers this error, all subsequent snapshots (whether from C: or D:) cannot be listed.

补充说明： rename 错误仅在备份 C 盘时出现，备份 D 盘不会触发该错误。但一旦状态被污染，即使 D 盘备份本身不报错，其快照也同样无法列出。

Additional note: The rename error only occurs when backing up the C: drive; backing up D: does not trigger it. However, once the state is corrupted, even D: drive backups that do not report errors will still produce snapshots that cannot be listed.

复现步骤 / Steps to Reproduce

1、先备份 D:\ ，不出现 rename 的错误，可以正常的完成备份 Created snapshot with root ka8f79b629a8ef734afac43fd56119394 and ID aa58cd0943e152723b4cf621a3ab7860 in 1h0m23s，使用 .\kopia.exe snapshot list 列出快照可以看到刚刚的备份

First, back up D:. No rename error occurs. The backup completes normally (Created snapshot with root ka8f79b629a8ef734afac43fd56119394 and ID aa58cd0943e152723b4cf621a3ab7860 in 1h0m23s), and the snapshot is visible via .\kopia.exe snapshot list.

2、再备份 C:\ ，出现 rename 的错误，可以正常的完成备份 Created partial snapshot with root k88e5eea737ed2b5e9982ce5c28bb0c11 and ID b89fcc6fd0edb49796de04f47867a4f2 in 1h0m23s，使用 .\kopia.exe snapshot list 列出快照无法找到刚刚的备份

Then back up C:. A rename error occurs. The backup reports completion (Created partial snapshot with root k88e5eea737ed2b5e9982ce5c28bb0c11 and ID b89fcc6fd0edb49796de04f47867a4f2 in 1h0m23s), but the snapshot cannot be found via .\kopia.exe snapshot list.

3、再尝试继续备份 C:\ C:\下面的子文件夹、文件，D:\ 或者 D:\下面的子文件夹、文件，可以正常的完成备份 Created partial snapshot with root k88e5eea737ed2b5e9982ce5c28bb0c11 and ID b89fcc6fd0edb49796de04f47867a4f2 in 1h0m23s，使用 .\kopia.exe snapshot list 列出快照无法找到刚刚的备份

Continue backing up C:\ or its subdirectories, or D:\ or its subdirectories. All backups report completion (Created partial snapshot with root k88e5eea737ed2b5e9982ce5c28bb0c11 and ID b89fcc6fd0edb49796de04f47867a4f2 in 1h0m23s), but none of the snapshots can be listed via .\kopia.exe snapshot list. Even without a rename error.

即使没有 rename 的错误
Even without a rename error

4、使用 .\kopia.exe cache clear 清理缓存，将旧的缓存清理

Run .\kopia.exe cache clear to clear the cache.

5、再尝试继续备份 C:\ C:\下面的子文件夹、文件，D:\ 或者 D:\下面的子文件夹、文件，N:\ 或者 N:\下面的子文件夹、文件，可以正常的完成备份 Created partial snapshot with root k88e5eea737ed2b5e9982ce5c28bb0c11 and ID b89fcc6fd0edb49796de04f47867a4f2 in 1h0m23s，使用 .\kopia.exe snapshot list 列出快照无法找到刚刚的备份

After clearing the cache, attempt backups again (C:, its subdirectories, D:, or its subdirectories, N:, or its subdirectories). Backups still report completion (Created partial snapshot with root k88e5eea737ed2b5e9982ce5c28bb0c11 and ID b89fcc6fd0edb49796de04f47867a4f2 in 1h0m23s), but snapshots remain unlisted via .\kopia.exe snapshot list.

你说得对，之前的翻译混在一行里确实杂乱。现在按照清晰的格式重新整理：

运行环境 / Environment

  • 虚拟机监控程序：Proxmox VE (PVE)
    Hypervisor: Proxmox VE (PVE)

  • 虚拟机：Windows 11 PE / HOTPE，PE 运行在 X: 盘
    Virtual machine: Windows 11 PE / HOTPE, PE running on X: drive

  • 备份目标：Windows 10 C 盘（源盘）
    Backup target: Windows 10 C: drive (source)

  • Kopia 版本：0.23.1-windows-x64
    Kopia version: 0.23.1-windows-x64

  • 仓库：API Server 模式，地址 https://kopia-server.example.com:51515
    Repository: API Server mode, URL https://kopia-server.example.com:51515

  • 缓存目录：N:\kopia-cache（独立傲腾 SSD 16G，NTFS）
    Cache directory: N:\kopia-cache (dedicated Optane SSD 16G, NTFS)

  • 备份命令：
    Backup command:

    .\kopia.exe snapshot create C:\ --start-time="2023-11-15 02:32:43 CST" --end-time="2023-11-15 05:35:57 CST"

  • 策略 (Policy)：

    Error handling policy:                        错误处理策略：
  Ignore file read errors:              true   忽略文件读取错误：        true
  Ignore directory read errors:         true   忽略目录读取错误：        true
  Ignore unknown types:                 true   忽略未知类型：            true
  (inherited from global)                    （继承自全局策略）

日志 / Logs

.unable to add kabb18dd30b17d3472fc0e2c322ed0f26 to cache-storage: unable to complete PutBlobInPath:N:\kopia-cache\server-contents/ka/bb18dd30b17d3472fc0e2c322ed0f26.f despite 2 retries: rename N:\kopia-cache\server-contents/ka/bb18dd30b17d3472fc0e2c322ed0f26.f.tmp.302901c2d85c4d1a N:\kopia-cache\server-contents/ka/bb18dd30b17d3472fc0e2c322ed0f26.f: 拒绝访问。
2026-07-22T08:23:14.022300Z DEBUG retry got error rename T:\kopia-conf\cache\server-contents/ka/daa2f3edf360080a587afc65c528532.f.tmp.1124a8bb0bc1ac25 T:\kopia-conf\cache\server-contents/ka/daa2f3edf360080a587afc65c528532.f: 拒绝访问。 when PutBlobInPath:T:\kopia-conf\cache\server-contents/ka/daa2f3edf360080a587afc65c528532.f (#0), sleeping for 100ms before retrying

Source: kopia/kopia

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