Settings > User Info page crashes with "NotFoundError: Failed to execute 'removeChild'" (v0.33.2)

Version: v0.33.2 (self-hosted, accessed at localhost:3000) Browser: Chrome

Steps to reproduce:

1. Log in to a self-hosted instance
2. Navigate to Settings > User Info (/settings/info)
3. Page immediately crashes with the generic error boundary ("Oops! Something went wrong")

Console error:

NotFoundError: Failed to execute 'removeChild' on 'Node': The node to be removed is not a child of this node.

This reproduces consistently, even on a fresh navigation with no user interaction (e.g. without touching the Interface Language dropdown or any other control on the page). Clicking "Try Again" sometimes recovers, sometimes crashes again on the retry.