[Bug]: jest.spyOn() does not work on ESM outside of the test scope

Version

30.0.4

Steps to reproduce

1. Clone https://github.com/electriquo/jest-spyon-err
2. Follow the README
3. Executing npm run test outputs in bar: original where it should be in bar: mocked

Expected behavior

The mocked value in the test should persist both inside and outside the test, meaning that the mocked property should be effective wherever it's used. Specifically, in bar: mocked should print to standard output when running npm run test

Actual behavior

Executing npm run test outputs in bar: original where it should be in bar: mocked

Additional context

I understand that jest.unstable_mockModule() is the recommended method for mocking ESM modules, but my goal is to mock a specific function rather than the entire module. Therefore, I am using jest.spyOn() to mock the behavior of an ESM function.

In particular, I want to mock the return value of the foo() function so that it returns a value different from its original behavior.

Environment

System:
    OS: macOS 15.5
    CPU: (10) arm64 Apple M2 Pro
  Binaries:
    Node: 22.17.1 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v22.17.1/bin/node
    Yarn: 1.22.22 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v22.17.1/bin/yarn
    npm: 11.4.2 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v22.17.1/bin/npm
    pnpm: 10.13.1 - ~/.nvm/versions/node/v22.17.1/bin/pnpm
  npmPackages:
    jest: 30.0.5 => 30.0.5