[Meta] Update JRuby to 10 on branch 8.19

This issue shapes a plan of updates to apply to 8.19 branch to switch to JRuby 10.0.x

Phase 1:

Create a test branch to align to the latest JRuby 9.4.x, a significant amount work was done in #17696 and in #17787:

• https://github.com/elastic/logstash/pull/19188
• https://github.com/elastic/logstash/issues/19204
• https://github.com/elastic/logstash/issues/19236

Phase 2:

• #19237 (evaluate backport of #19010 ).
• #19361
• the previous 2 were reverted in #19375, need to discuss how to move forward.
• https://github.com/elastic/logstash/pull/19556

Phase 3

• #19303. Original work for 9.4 migration to 10.0.3 is #18755. Include also the fix for SystemExit in #19017.
• Run the pipeline logstash-supported-plugins-test-pipeline on this test branch and check for the original report in #18872.
• migration to 10.0.6 (Already included in https://github.com/elastic/logstash/pull/19291)
  • https://github.com/elastic/logstash/pull/18856
  • https://github.com/elastic/logstash/pull/18965
  • migration 10.0.5 -> 10.0.6 https://github.com/elastic/logstash/pull/19264