Revise (and reduce) aka.ms links for diagnostics

Is there an existing issue for this?

• I have searched the existing issues

Describe the bug

https://grep.app/search?f.repo=dotnet%2Faspnetcore&regexp=true&q=aka.ms.%2B%3F%5C%7B0%7D

We have bunch of https://aka.ms/aspnet/analyzer/{0} across the codebase. Many of which don't exist currently.

• We should just use the link to learn.microsoft.com page directly and avoid the unnecessary intermediate aka.ms link
• For any link that was already shipped in a previous release, we should consider either updating and patching the older release, or create the link. The end result is that the older supported release should work fine and the link should be valid.

In addition to that, some of the following aka.ms links that don't exist/work:

https://github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore/blob/d004c0435916c5071c6f6341ed9337100d4df346/src/Shared/Obsoletions.cs#L21-L25

Expected Behavior

No response

Steps To Reproduce

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Exceptions (if any)

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.NET Version

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Anything else?

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