system-design-primer

*English ∙ 日本語 ∙ 简体中文 ∙ 繁體中文 | العَرَبِيَّة‎ ∙ বাংলা ∙ Português do Brasil ∙ Deutsch ∙ ελληνικά ∙ עברית ∙ Italiano ∙ 한국어 ∙ فارسی ∙ Polski ∙ русский язык ∙ Español ∙ ภาษาไทย ∙ Türkçe ∙ tiếng Việt ∙ Français | Add Translation* **Help translate this guide!** The System Design Primer <p align="center"> <img src="images/jj3A5N8.png"> <br/> </p> Motivation > Learn how to design large-scale systems. > > Prep for the system design interview. Learn how to design large-scale systems Learning how to design scalable systems will help you become a better engineer. System design is a broad topic. There are a **vast number of resources scattered throughout the web** on system design principles. This repo is an **organized collection** of resources to help you learn how to build systems at scale. Learn from the open source community This is a continually updated, open source project. Contributions are welcome! Prep for the system design interview In addition to coding interviews, system design is a **required component** of the **technical interview process** at many tech companies. **Practice common system design interview questions** and **compare** your results with **sample solutions**: discussions, code, and diagrams. Additional topics for interview prep: * Study guide * How to approach a system design interview question * System design interview questions, **with solutions** * Object-oriented design interview questions, **with solutions** * Additional system design interview questions Anki flashcards <p align="center"> <img src="images/zdCAkB3.png"> <br/> </p> The provided Anki flashcard decks use spaced repetition to help you retain key system design concepts. * System design deck * System design exercises deck * Object oriented design exercises deck Great for use while on-the-go. Coding Resource: Interactive Coding Challenges Looking for resources to help you prep for the **Coding Interview**? <p align="center"> <img src="images/b4YtAEN.png"> <br/> </p> Check out the sister repo **Interactive Coding Challenges**, which contains an additional Anki deck: * Coding deck Contributing > Learn from the community. Feel free to submit pull requests to help: * Fix errors * Improve sections * Add new sections * Translate Content that needs some polishing is placed under development. Review the Contributing Guidelines. Index of system design topics > Summaries of various system design topics, including pros and cons. **Everything is a trade-off**. > > Each section contains links to more in-depth resources. <p align="center"> <img src="images/jrUBAF7.png"> <br/> </p> * System design topics: start here * Step 1: Review the scalability video lecture * Step 2: Review the scalability article * Next steps * Performance vs scalability * Latency vs throughput * Availability vs consistency * CAP theorem * CP - consistency and partition tolerance * AP - availability and partition tolerance * Consistency patterns * Weak consistency * Eventual consistency * Strong consistency * Availability patterns * Fail-over * Replication * Availability in numbers * Domain name system * Content delivery network * Push CDNs * Pull CDNs * Load balancer * Active-passive * Active-active * Layer 4 load balancing * Layer 7 load balancing * Horizontal scaling * Reverse proxy (web server) * Load balancer vs reverse proxy * Application layer * Microservices * Service discovery * Database * Relational database management system (RDBMS) * Master-slave replication * Master-master replication * Federation * Sharding * Denormalization * SQL tuning * NoSQL * Key-value store * Document store * Wide column store * Graph Database * SQL or NoSQL * Cache * Client caching * CDN caching * Web server caching * Database caching * Application caching * Caching at the database query level * Caching at the object level * When to update the cache * Cache-aside * Write-through * Write-behind (write-back) * Refresh-ahead * Asynchronism * Message queues * Task queues * Back pressure * Communication * Transmission control protocol (TCP) * User datagram protocol (UDP) * Remote procedure call (RPC) * Representational state transfer (REST) * Security * Appendix * Powers of