[Bug] Concurrency limit filters leak active counts on downstream limit exceptions

Pre-check

• All content is in English.
• I searched existing issues and pull requests for ActiveLimitFilter, ExecuteLimitFilter, active count, and limit-exception cleanup.

Apache Dubbo Component

Java SDK (apache/dubbo), dubbo-rpc-api filters and the dubbo-cluster filter chain.

Dubbo Version

3.3.7-SNAPSHOT, branch 3.3 at dab47b7843; Windows, OpenJDK 17.0.17, Maven 3.9.4.

Steps to reproduce this issue

Both concurrency filters skip RpcStatus.endCount() whenever their error listener receives a RpcException with LIMIT_EXCEEDED_EXCEPTION. This correctly skips cleanup when the filter itself rejects admission, but also skips it when admission succeeded and a downstream invoker throws that exception (or its response future completes exceptionally with it).

A minimal synchronous reproduction in a test in dubbo-cluster (JUnit 5 / Mockito; ordinary imports omitted):

URL url = URL.valueOf("test://localhost:12345/limit-repro?actives=1&timeout=1");
Invoker<Object> target = mock(Invoker.class);
when(target.getUrl()).thenReturn(url);
when(target.getInterface()).thenReturn(Object.class);
when(target.invoke(any())).thenThrow(
        new RpcException(RpcException.LIMIT_EXCEEDED_EXCEPTION, "downstream rejected"));

Filter filter = new ActiveLimitFilter();
Invoker<Object> chain = new FilterChainBuilder.CallbackRegistrationInvoker<>(
        new FilterChainBuilder.CopyOfFilterChainNode<>(target, target, filter),
        Collections.singletonList(filter));
RpcInvocation invocation = new RpcInvocation();
invocation.setMethodName("invoke");

assertThrows(RpcException.class, () -> chain.invoke(invocation));
assertEquals(0, RpcStatus.getStatus(url, "invoke").getActive()); // actual: 1

Replace actives=1 with executes=1 and use ExecuteLimitFilter to reproduce the provider-side case.

For the asynchronous case, return new AsyncRpcResult(pending, invocation) from the target and complete pending exceptionally with the same limit exception after calling the chain. The active count also remains 1.

What you expected to happen

A call that acquired a concurrency slot must release it on downstream failure and record the failure. A local admission rejection must not release another in-flight call's slot.

With a limit of 1, the leaked count causes later active-limit calls to time out or execute-limit calls to be rejected even though the failed call is no longer running.

Verification

I added eight parameterized regression cases through the production CopyOfFilterChainNode / CallbackRegistrationInvoker lifecycle. Before the fix, all four downstream-failure cases fail with expected: <0> but was: <1>; the four local-rejection / invocation-reuse controls pass. There are 0 test errors.

The fix will track whether this filter acquired a slot for the current invocation attempt, resetting that state on each entry so sequential Invocation reuse does not carry stale admission state.

This concerns exceptions delivered through onError, not ordinary business exceptions carried inside an otherwise successfully completed AppResponse. No registry, network service, or load generator is needed for the reproduction.

AI assistance was used for source inspection, implementation, and regression tests. The failures above were reproduced locally, and I will submit the fix with the complete tests.